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ON THIS DAY IN CONFEDERATE HISTORY, Feb. 12.

1861: Louisiana Republic President Mouton and Lieutenant Governor Henry M. Hyams processed to Lafayette Square and raised for the first time the new Louisiana National Flag on the flagpole of New Orleans City Hall. It had a red canton with a single gold star, and 13 stripes alternating between blue, white, and red. The president was escorted by a military color guard and when the flag was raised, the New Orleans Washington Artillery fired a 21-gun salute. Three cheers were given by the onlookers.

A Louisiana Tiger Rifles reenactor waving the

Louisiana National Flag, aka Louisiana Republic Flag.

The book is available at Amazon.com in both an

e-book edition and a printed edition. The Tiger Rifles

were Company B, 1st Battalion (Wheat's) Louisiana Volunteers.

The battalion was known to have carried a First National

Confederate flag in the First Battle of Manassas, Va. July 21, 1861.

Louisiana Republic Flag is also called the Secession Flag.

(M.D. Jones Collection)

Meanwhile, President-elect Jefferson Davis was making his way to Montgomery, Alabama, and speaking to cheering crowds along the way.

1862: The Confederate cruiser CSS Florida captures and burns the Yankee clipper Jacob Bell and its $2 million worth of cargo. The Florida was built in Liverpool, England by William C. Miller & Son and launched in December 1861. It was commissioned by the Confederate Navy on Oct. 7, 1862, and placed under the command of Commander John Newland Maffitt. It was 191 ft. in length, a beam of 27 ft. 2-in., and a draft of 13 ft. 0 in., with both sails and a steam engine. It had a top speed of 9.5 knots under steam and 12 knots under sail. The crew complement was 146. The Florida's armament was 6, 6-inch rifled cannon, two, 7-inch rifled cannon, and one 12-pounder cannon. In its career, Florida took 37 prizes, two of which were absorbed by the CS Navy as the CSS Tacony and CSS Clarence. Those two ships took an additional 23 prizes. Florida's career ended on Oct. 7, 1864, at anchor at Bahia, Brazil while Maffitt and half of his crew were ashore. Florida was illegally captured at that time by Cmdr. Napoleon Collins of the sloop-of-war USS Wachusett. It was towed to Newport News, Va. where it suspiciously sank in a collision with the Army Transport USAT Alliance on Nov. 28, 1864, while it was under a court order to be delivered to Brazil.

Cmdr. John Newland Maffitt

Cmdr. of the CSS Florida

1864: Meridian Campaign: Confederates battle Federals at Decatur and Chunky Station as Sherman and Sooy Smith close in on Meridian, Mississippi.

1865: Carolinas Campaign: As the Federals approached Columbia, South Carolina, they drove off Confederate defenders at the Orangeburg Bridge on the North Edisto River. 

CONFEDERATE GENERAL BIRTHDAYS, Feb. 12.

Major General Robert Ransom Jr. was born on this day in 1828 in Warren County, North Carolina. A West Point graduate in 1850, he served in the 1st U.S. Dragoons and attended cavalry school at Carlisle Barracks, Pa. He was promoted to second lieutenant in 1851. Ransom then served on the frontier in New Mexico until 1854 when he became a cavalry instructor at West Point. Promoted to the first lieutenant is served in the 1st U.S. Cavalry at Fort Leavenworth, Kanas. Ransom had become a captain by the time he resigned from the U.S. Army on Jan. 31, 1861. He joined the Confederate Army as a captain and was made the colonel of the 1st North Carolina Cavalry on Oct. 31, 1861. Ransom was promoted to brigadier general on March 1, 1862, and led a brigade in the Peninsula Campaign in 1862 in Huger's Division. That same year his brigade at Harpers Ferry led a division at Marye's Heights in the Battle of Fredericksburg. He was promoted to major general in 1863 and did duty around Richmond, Va. and in 1864 led a division under Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard in the Battle of Drewry's Bluff, Va. Illness in that year forced him out of front-line service and he held various administrative positions until the end of the war. Following the war Ransom was a city marshal in Wilmington, N.C., and a farmer, among other occupations. He died on Jan. 14, 1892, in New Bern, N.C., and was buried at Cedar Grove Cemetery.

Maj. Gen. Robert Ransom Jr.

Today in History (general history)/ On This Day in Confederate History/ Confederate General Birthdays, February 11.

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ON THIS DAY IN CONFEDERATE HISTORY, Feb. 11.

1861: Alexander Stephens of Georgia was sworn in on this day in 1861, which is also his birthday, as vice president of the Confederate States of America at the ongoing Confederate Congress at Montgomery, Alabama. President-elect Jefferson Davis left his plantation, Brierfield, in Mississippi and headed for Montgomery for his inauguration. Stephens was born in 1812 on a farm in Taliaferro County, Georgia near the town of Crawfordville. He became an orphan at age 14 when his father and stepmother died. Stephens and his siblings were divided among other relatives. However, he attended the University of Georgia at Athens and graduated at the top of his class in 1832. He then studied the law and was admitted to the bar in 1834. Stephens found success as a lawyer and was elected to the Georgia legislature in 1841 and to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1843 as a Whig. When the Whig Party dissolved he became a Democrat. He was known as a Unionist in Congress and a defender of slavery. When he killed a bill that would have excluded slavery from the Oregon Territory, Stephens was nearly stabbed to death in 1848 by Judge Francis H. Cone during a fight over the issue. He recovered but never regained full use of his right hand. Stephens opposed secession and supported Illinois Sen. Stephen Douglas in the 1860 election. Elected to the Georgia Secession Convention, he voted against withdrawing Georgia from the Union. But he still supported the right of secession of a state.

Vice President Alexander H. Stephens

1862: FORTS HENRY & DONELSON CAMPAIGN: Bowling Green, Ky. was evacuated by the Confederates after the defeat at the Battle of Mill Springs, Ky. Jan. 19, 1862, and the fall of Fort Henry, Tenn. in early February 1862. The city had been Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston's headquarters for his Western Department. They had held Bowling Green since Sept. 18, 1861. It was also the seat of the provisional state government of Confederate Kentucky. 

Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston

1864: Confederates near Madisonville, La. fired a volley from ambush at the 3rd Maryland Cavalry which was on a patrol. The Federal casualties were three wounded and missing, including a lieutenant, Captain Adolph Bery, and one missing, Pvt. B.K. Jones. ambulance driver. They also lost three horses with equipment, 3 carbines, 2 sabers with accouterments, 2 saber blades, 1 pistol, and one ambulance with contents and two horses. No Confederate casualties were reported. 

1865: Confederate cavalry wearing Federal uniforms attacked a Federal picket post at Williamsburg, Va. Both sides reportedly suffered casualties. There were also many Confederate uniforms being made of British Army cloth which was blue-gray in color, and which had been run through the blockade. These uniforms too could look more blue than gray. Confederacy imported thousands of yards of this material from England and the Peter Tait Co. in Limerick, Ireland also made complete uniforms as well from British Army cloth. Other Confederate Army Quartermaster Depots included ones in Richmond, Va. and Columbus, Ga. Houston became a major supply depot for the Trans-Mississippi Department during the war, also making arms, accouterments, and ammunition.

Pvt. August Ritter, 1st Texas Heavy Artillery

is wearing a Houston, Tex. Depot-style Confederate

jacket possibly made from fine British Army

cloth. He worked in the Houston Quartermaster

Depot making uniforms.

(Courtesy K. MacDonald)

Confederate soldier in Columbus, Ga. Depot

style shell jacket.

(Liljenquist Collection, Library of Congress)

Pvt. Alexander Harris wearing a Richmond, Va...

Depot-style Confederate jacket. He served

in Parker's Virginia Light  Artillery.

(Liljenquist Collection, Library of Congress)

CONFEDERATE GENERAL BIRTHDAYS, Feb. 11.

NONE.

Today in History (general history)/ On This Day in Confederate History/ Confederate General Birthdays, February 10.

 Click 👉TODAY IN HISTORY (general history) Feb. 10.

ON THIS DAY IN CONFEDERATE HISTORY, Feb. 10.

1861: President-elect Jefferson Davis in Mississippi received a message from the Confederate Congress in Montgomery, Alabama notifying him he had been elected provisional president of the Confederacy. The news took him by surprise, but he immediately began planning the trip to Montgomery for the inauguration.

Jefferson Davis received a message from Montgomery at Brierfield near 

Vicksburg, Miss. that he has been elected president of the Confederacy.

1862: Battle of Elizabeth City, N.C.: The Confederate fleet on the Pasquotank River at Elizabeth City, North Carolina was defeated by the Federal fleet in a naval engagement. Three vessels were captured and six more were destroyed by the Confederates to prevent capture. 

1863: There is a minor engagement between Northern and Southern troops at Chantilly, Virginia. 

At Old River in Louisiana, a minor clash occurs between Confederates and Federals. The Southerners lost 11 men killed and wounded with 25 captured. Northerners lost eight men killed and wounded. 

1865: Fighting occurred near Charleston, South Carolina between Confederates and Sherman's bummers at James Island and Johnson Station.

Raphael Semmes was promoted to Rear Admiral in the CSN on this day and placed in command of the James River Squadron in Virginia. His flagship was the CSS Virginia II which was a steam-powered ironclad armed with an 11-inch Brooke smoothbore, an 8-inch Brooke rifle, and 2, 6.4-inch Brooke Rifles.

Admiral Raphael Semmes

CONFEDERATE GENERAL BIRTHDAYS, Feb. 10.

Brig. Gen. William R. Scurry

Brigadier William Read Scurry was born on this day in 1821 in Gallatin, Tennessee. He moved to the Republic of Texas in 1839 where he became a lawyer and a district attorney in 1841. He married there had a family and served as a representative in the 9th Congress of the Texas Republic. During the Mexican-American War, Scurry enlisted as a private and finished a major. Following that war, he was a lawyer in Clinton, Texas, and became to co-owner and editor of the Austin State Gazette newspaper. Scurry was a member of the Texas Secession Convention in 1861. He was commissioned a lieutenant colonel in the 4th Texas Cavalry in July of 1861 and fought at the Battle of Valverde and the Battle of Glorieta Pass, in the New Mexico Campaign in 1862. He was promoted to full colonel on March 28, 1862, and then to brigadier general on Sept. 12, 1862. At the Battle of Galveston, Texas, on Jan. 1, 1863, Scurry was in command of the land forces in that victory. He took part in the Bayou Teche Campaign in Louisiana in the spring of 1863, then in October 1863, was given command of the Third Brigade of Walker's Texas Infantry Division. Scurry led his brigade in Walker's Texas (Grayhounds) Division at the battles of Mansfield and Pleasant Hill, then was mortally wounded at the Battle of Jenkin's Ferry, Arkansas April 30, 1864, and died that night. He was buried in the Texas State Cemetery in Austin, Texas.

Today in History (general history)/ On This Day in Confederate History/ Confederate General Birthdays, February 9.

 Click 👉TODAY IN HISTORY (general history) Feb. 9.

ON THIS DAY IN CONFEDERATE HISTORY, Feb. 9.

1861: Jefferson Davis of Mississippi was unanimously elected Provisional President of the Confederate States of America by the Provisional Confederate Congress in session at Montgomery, Alabama. Alexander H. Stephens of Georgia was elected vice president of the Confederacy. President Davis was born in 1809 in Kentucky, the son of a Revolutionary War veteran Samuel Davis. He moved with his family to Louisiana, briefly, then to Mississippi at an early age. He graduated from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, N.Y. in 1824. He served as a second lieutenant in the Black Hawk War and married Sarah Taylor, daughter of Colonel Zachary Taylor. He left the army and his wife died just three months after the marriage. Davis ran a plantation in Mississippi for 10 years and was then elected to Congress just before the Mexican-American War he married his second wife, Varina Howell in 1845. Resigning from Congress, he became colonel of the famous Mississippi Rifles which he led in that war. Wounded at the Battle of Buena Vista, Mexico, he returned home a war hero. Davis was elected from Mississippi to the U.S. Senate. In 1853, he became Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce. Davis returned to the Senate at the end of the Pierce administration and served until Mississippi seceded in 1861.

President Jefferson Davis

Also on this day, the Confederate Congress adopted the laws of the United States that did not conflict with the Confederate laws. 

1864: At Libby prisoner of war prison in Richmond, Virginia, 109 prisoners escape. Of those who escaped 48 were recaptured, two drowned, and 58 reached the Federal lines.

1865: Carolinas Campaign: Confederates skirmish with Sherman's federals in South Carolina at Binnaker's Bridge on the South Edisto River, and Holman's Bridge.

CONFEDERATE GENERAL BIRTHDAYS, Feb. 9.

NONE.

Today in History (general history)/ On This Day in Confederate History/ Confederate General Birthdays, February 8.

 Click 👉TODAY IN HISTORY (general history) Feb. 8.

ON THIS DAY IN CONFEDERATE HISTORY, Feb. 8.

1861: The Provisional Confederate Congress in Montgomery, Alabama adopts the Provisional Confederate Constitution. The document was similar to the U.S. Constitution with certain reforms, such as a single six-year term for the president and vice president (term limits), free trade, clean legislation, etc. Also, the slave trade was prohibited. 

Confederate Congress adopts the Provisional Constitution.

of the C.S.A. on this day in 1861.

The signers and the states they represented were:

• Howell Cobb, President of the Congress
• South Carolina: R. Barnwell Rhett, R. W. Barnwell, James Chesnut, Jr., C. G. Memminger, Wm. Porcher Miles, Laurence M. Keitt, William W. Boyce, Tho. J. Withers
• Georgia: R. Toombs, Francis S. Bartow, Martin J. Crawford, E. A. Nisbet, Benjamin H. Hill, Augustus R. Wright, Thos. R. R. Cobb, A. H. Kenan, Alexander H. Stephens
• Florida: Jackson Morton, Jas. B. Owens, J. Patton Anderson
• Alabama: Richard W. Walker, Robt. H. Smith, Colin J. McRae, Jno. Gill Shorter, William Parish Chilton, Stephen F. Hale, David P. Lewis, Tho. Fearn, J. L. M. Curry
• Mississippi: W. P. Harris, Alex. M. Clayton, W. S. Wilson, James T. Harrison, Walker Brooke, William S. Barry, J. A. P. Campbell
• Louisiana: John Perkins, Jr., Alex. de Clouet, C. M. Conrad, Duncan F. Kenner, Edward Sparrow, Henry Marshall
• Texas: Thomas N. Waul, Williamson S. Oldham, John Gregg, John H. Reagan, W. B. Ochiltree, John Hemphill, Louis T. Wigfall. [Wikipedia]

1862: The Battle of Roanoke Island, North Carolina takes place. The Federals were under the command of Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside with a 10,000-man division and a flotilla of navy gunboats. The Confederate defenders were under the command of Brig. Gen. Henry A. Wise and Col. Henry M. Shaw with 3,000 men, two shore batteries, and four forts. The Federals also had another flotilla of gunboats under Flag Officer Louis M. Goldsborough. On the previous day, the gunboats bombarded the position and landed their troops and six howitzers without opposition. Wise came down sick and turned command over to Shaw. On the 8th, the Federals attacked and overwhelmed the outnumbered Confederates. The Northerners lost 2,64 killed, wounded, and missing. The Southerners lost 23 killed, 58 wounded, 62 missing, and 2,500 captured.

1865: Carolinas Campaign: Confederates battle Sherman's rampaging invaders at the South Edisto River in South Carolina. Confederate cavalry General Fighting Joe Wheeler receives a reply from Sherman to his complaint about Sherman's men's destruction of private property. The Federal general shows no concern.

CONFEDERATE GENERAL BIRTHDAYS, Feb. 8.

Lieutenant General Richard Stoddert Ewell was born on this day in 1817 in Georgetown, District of Columbia. Ewell was an 1840 graduate of West Point and ranked 13th out of the 42 cadets who graduated with him. He was promoted to 1st lieutenant by 1845 and in the Mexican American War served under Gen. Winfield Scott's Mexico City Campaign. His gallantry in the battles of Contreras and Churubusco earned him a promotion to captain. After the war, he served on the frontier and was wounded in a skirmish with Apache in 1859. Ewell resigned his commission in the U.S. Army on May 7, 1861, and was promoted to brigadier general in the Confederate Army on June 7, 1861. He commanded a brigade at the First Battle of Manassas, on July 21, 1861. Promoted to major general on Jan. 24, 1862, he led a division in Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign of 1862. After serving in the Seven Days Battles, he was severely wounded in the leg at the Battle of Cedar Mountain, Va. Aug. 9, 1862, and his leg had to be amputated. Ewell returned to duty before Gettysburg, and he was promoted to lieutenant general and given command of the late Stonewall Jackson's Second Corps. He won an outstanding victory at the Second Battle of Winchester but was criticized for his hesitancy to capture the high ground on the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg. Ewell led the corps at the Wilderness and Spotsylvania in 1864, but his physical strength was failing, and Gen. Lee reassigned him to the command of the Richmond defenses. He was captured at the Battle of Sailor's Creek at the end of the war and wasn't released until July 1865. After the war, Ewell worked as a farmer near Spring Hill, Tenn. and he died Jan. 25, 1872, and was buried in the Old City Cemetery in Nashville, Tenn.

Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell

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Brigadier General Bernard Elliott Bee Jr. was born on this day in 1824 in Charleston, South Carolina. Bee graduated from West Point with the Class of 1845, ranking 33rd of 41 cadets. He was breveted two times for bravery in the Mexican American War at the Battle of Cerro Gordo and was wounded at Chapultepec. After the war, he did garrison duty in Mississippi and then frontier duty in New Mexico and Minnesota. Bee was breveted to lieutenant colonel for the Utah War.  He resigned from the U.S. Army on March 3, 1861, and was soon promoted to brigadier general and led his South Carolina Brigade at the First Battle of Manassas. He became famous there for giving Lt. Gen. T. J. "Stonewall" Jackson his famous nickname when he rallied his shattered command behind Jackson and his Virginians. Bee was mortally wounded in the stomach shortly afterward. He died the next day and was buried in St. Paul's Episcopal Church Cemetery in Pendleton, S.C.

Brig. Gen. Bernard E. Bee

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Brigadier General John King Jackson was born on this day in 1828 in Augusta, Georgia. Before the war, he was a lawyer in Georgia and active in the state militia. At the beginning of the war, he was a lieutenant colonel in command of the Augusta Infantry Battalion and soon became a lieutenant colonel in the 5th Georgia Infantry, C.S.A. He fought at the Battle of Santa Rosa Island in 1861 and was promoted to brigadier on Jan. 14, 1862. Jackson led a brigade at the Battle of Shiloh, the Battle of Murfreesboro, at the Battle of Chickamauga, and Missionary Ridge, and was then assigned to Lake City, Florida. In late 1864, Jackson served in various posts in the Carolinas Campaign and surrendered with the Army of Tennessee on April 26, 1865. Jackson resumed his legal career in Augusta after the war but died on Feb. 27, 1866, and was buried in Augusta's City Cemetery.

Brig. Gen. John K. Jackson

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Today in History (general history)/ On This Day in Confederate History/ Confederate General Birthdays, February 7.

 Click 👉TODAY IN HISTORY (general history) Feb. 7. 

ON THIS DAY IN CONFEDERATE HISTORY, Feb. 7.

1861: The Choctaw Nation in Indian Territory (modern-day Oklahoma) declared itself free and independent and became allies with the Confederacy on the basis of state sovereignty and other issues. Robert M. Jones, a Choctaw and cotton planter, served as the nation's non-voting representative in the Confederate Congress. Albert Pike was appointed the Confederacy's envoy to the Choctaw Nation. The First Choctaw and Chickasaw Mounted Rifles served in the Confederate Army in the Trans-Mississippi as well as the First Choctaw Cavalry Battalion, First Chocktaw (Battice's) Cavalry Battalion, First Choctaw (McCurtain's) Cavalry Battalion, First Choctaw War Regiment, First Choctaw Regiment, Second Choctaw Regiment, Third Choctaw Regiment as well as a number of other companies.

1862: Brigadier General Bushrod Rust Johnson was appointed commander of Fort Donelson at a crucial time when it was coming under a major attack by Federal forces. However, Brig. Gen. Gideon Pillow, who outranked Johnson, arrived and took command just a few hours after Johnson became commander. Johnson then became a division commander. Later in the war, he commanded a Tennessee brigade and a division with distinction in the Army of Tennessee and the Army of Northern Virginia.

Brig. Gen. Bushrod R. Johnson

1863: Confederate troops at Williamsburg, Virginia fire on Federal cavalry, killing and wounding 11 of the Yankee troopers. 

Also, on this day in 1863, three Confederate Navy raiders run the Federal blockade and enter the port at Charleston, South Carolina. In Texas, Confederate Major General John Magruder declares the ports at Galveston and Sabine Pass to be open. The action followed naval victories off Texas in January.

1864: Meridian Campaign: Lieutenant General Leonidas Polk's Confederate continue their strategic withdrawal as Sherman's bluecoats continue their advance to Meridian, Mississippi. Skirmishing occurs at Brandon, Morton, and Sataria, Mississippi.

1865: Carolinas Campaign: Confederates skirmish with Sherman's Federal Army at Blackville, South Carolina during the Carolina Campaign.

CONFEDERATE GENERAL BIRTHDAYS, Feb. 7. 

Brigadier General Leroy Pope Walker was born on this day in 1817, in Huntsville, Alabama. Walker was a prewar lawyer, circuit judge, and active secessionist. At the beginning of the war, he promoted Jefferson Davis as the president of the new Confederacy. After Davis became president, the president appointed him the first Secretary of War in spite his not having any military experience. Walker resigned in September 1861 after a disagreement with President Davis. However, the day after he resigned, Davis appointed him a brigadier general and he was given command of army garrisons at Mobile and Montgomery. Walker resigned from the army in March 1862. In 1864, Walker returned to the Confederate Army as a colonel to serve as a military judge. Following the war, he practiced law and at one time represented Jesse James as a defense lawyer on a robbery charge and won the case. In 1875, Walker was made president of the Alabama Constitutional Convention which ended Reconstruction in the state. He died Aug. 23, 1884, and was buried in Maple Hill Cemetery in Huntsville.

Brig. General Leroy P. Walker

Today in History (general history)/ On This Day in Confederate History/ Confederate General Birthdays, Feb. 6.

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ON THIS DAY IN CONFEDERATE HISTORY, Feb. 6.

1861: Alabama finances Confederacy. Alabama made a $500,000 loan to the Confederate Provisional Congress on Feb 5, which is equal in buying power to $19,525,421.69 in 2026. The Congress accepted with the following resolution:

      1st. Resolved by the Confederate States of America in Congress assembled, That this Congress accept the liberal offer of the General Assembly of the State of Alabama, to place at the disposal of this body the sum of five hundred thousand dollars as a loan to the Government of the Confederacy now being formed.

        2d. Resolved by the authority aforesaid, that this Congress place the highest appreciation upon this generous, patriotic and considerate action of the State of Alabama and realize in it the zealous devotion of the people of that State to the cause of "Southern Independence."

        ADOPTED February 8, 1861.

Alabama Gov. Andrew Moore

He supported Jefferson Davis for president at the convention.

(Alabama State Archives)

 1862: General Lloyd Tilghman, the commander, evacuated most of the 3,000-man garrison from Fort Henry to Fort Donelson and returned to Fort Henry with about 100 men when the Federal Navy struck. The artillery duel lasted from 11 o'clock A.M. until 2 o'clock P.M. when all the Confederate guns had been knocked out. Tilghman surrendered with 78 men and 16 hospital patients. He also lost 5 killed, 11 wounded, and 5 were missing. Yankee General Grant arrived with 15,000 soldiers too late to engage in the fighting. The Federals lost 11 men and 31 injured.

1864: The Confederate Congress passes legislation banning imports of luxury items and the circulation of U.S. currency. It also requires that half of the shipments of food and tobacco be given to the government before the ships leave port.

Confederate forces at the Rapidan River in Virginia repulse a Federal attempt to cross the river. The bluecoats retreat under the cover of darkness.

1865: General John Pegram's Division attacked the V Corps at the Battle of Hatcher's Run and was repulsed. Pegram is killed but Brig. Gen. Clement A. Evans blocked a Federal advance. Later in the day Pegram's and Maj. Gen. William Mahone's divisions attack the Federal line at Dabney's Mill and break it and drive them back. General Pegram is killed. Total losses for the Federals are 1,539 and Confederates suffer 1,161 casualties.

CONFEDERATE GENERAL BIRTHDAYS, Feb. 6.

Major General John Brown Gordon was born on this day in 1832 in Upson County, Georgia. Brown was a citizen soldier with no military experience before 1861. However, at that fateful time, being a community leader, he was elected captain of a volunteer company in the 6th Alabama Infantry. Although present at the First Battle of Manassas, the Alabamians saw no action. He was elevated to colonel of the 6th Alabama when the army was reorganized in May 1862in compliance with the First Conscription Act. He and his regiment were active in the Battle of Seven Pines, after which he became the temporary commander of his brigade. During the Seven Days Battles, he was wounded in the eyes at the Battle of Malvern Hil. At the Battle of Sharpsburg, he suffered numerous wounds. When he returned to duty, he was promoted to brigadier general rank on May 7, 1863. More battles and wounds followed, and he was promoted to major general and command of a corps. In all, he served in about 30 major campaigns and battles and the last one at Appomattox at the end of the war. After the war he had an equally impressive political career, serving as the governor of Georgia and in the U.S. Senate from Georgia. He also was a popular lecturer, and writer and was the first commander of the United Confederate Veterans. Brown died Jan. 9, 1904, while visiting his son in Miami, Florida, and is buried in Oakland Cemetery in Atlanta, Ga.

Maj. General John B. Gordon

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Major General William Dorsey Pender was born on this day in 1834 in Edgecombe County, North Carolina. Pender attended West Point and graduated with the Class of 1854, ranking 19th in his class out of 36 cadets. In the prewar U.S. Army, he served as a second lieutenant in the 2nd U.S. Artillery and as a first lieutenant in the 1st Dragoons. Pender served on the frontier in the Washington Territory in one of the Indian conflicts. Resigning from the U.S. Army on March 21, 1861, Pender joined the C.S. Army and served as a captain of the artillery and colonel of the 3rd/13th N.C. Infantry. His battles included Seven Pines, the Seven Days Battles, Second Manassas, Harpers Ferry, Sharpsburg, and Chancellorsville, and he was mortally wounded July 2, 1863, at the Battle of Gettysburg and died July 18, 1863, in Staunton, Virginia. Pender is buried in Calvary Episcopal Church in Tarboro, N.C.

Maj. General William D. Pender

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Major General James Ewell Brown Stuart was born in 1833, in Patrick County, Virginia. He was mortally wounded at the Battle of Yellow Tavern on May 11, 1864, and died on May 12, 1864, in Richmond, Virginia.  Of Scottish heritage, Stuart attended West Point graduating with the Class of 1854, 13th in a class of 46 cadets. In the U.S. Army, he served with distinction and was wounded on July 29, 1857, while fighting the Cheyenne Indians in Kansas. Stuart also served as a volunteer under Colonel Robert E. Lee during the storming of the Harpers Ferry Arsenal which had been taken over by the insurrectionist John Brown and his men in 1859. He resigned from the U.S. Army on April 22, 1861, and joined the Confederate Army and served as colonel of the 1st Virginia Cavalry at the First Battle of Manassas, Va. gaining fame as a great cavalryman there. He was promoted to brigadier general on Sept. 24, 1861, and to major general on July 25, 1862, and commanded a cavalry division and later to corps commander of the cavalry. His other battles and campaigns included the Peninsula Campaign, N. Va. Campaign, Maryland Campaign, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Brandy Station, Gettysburg, the Overland Campaign, and the Battle of Yellow Tavern where he was mortally wounded and died in Richmond Va., and died May 12, 1864, the day after the battle, in Richmond Va. Stuart is buried in Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond.

Maj. Gen. James E.B. Stuart

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