HISTORY AS IT HAPPENED -- List of Confederate Generals as of January 1862

[The Richmond Daily Dispatch, Jan. 16, 1862]

This certificate shows some of the Confederate
Generals listed in the 16 Jan. 1862 article below.
Of course many more were made throughout the war.
(Library of Congress)

List of the General officers in the armies of the Confederate States.

The following interesting statistics of the Confederate Army organization are due to one of the Richmond correspondents of the Courier. In the list of Brigadier- Generals in the Provisional Army, the regular order of appointment is perhaps not always observed, but we believe the list is otherwise correct. The dates of graduation from West Point are taken from Gardner's Dictionary of the United States Army:

General in the regular Army.

1. 1. Samuel Cooper, Virginia, Adjutant-General.
2. 2. Albert S. Johnston, Texas, commanding in Kentucky.
3. 3. Joseph E, Johnston, Virginia, commanding Northern Virginia.
4. 4. Robert E. Lee, Virginia, commanding South Atlantic coast.
5. 5. P. G. T. Beauregard, Louisiana, commanding Army of Potomac.

Major-Generals in the Provisional-Army.

1. 1.*David E. Twiggs, Georgia, resigned.
2. 2.Leonidas Polk, Louisiana, Commanding at Memphis.
3. 3.Braxton Bragg, Louisiana, Commanding at Pensacola.
4. 4.Earl Van Dorn, Mississippi, Army of Potomac.
5. 5.Gustavus W. Smith, Kentucky, Army of Potomac.
6. 6.Theopholis H. Holmes, North Carolina, Army of Potomac.
7. 7.William J. Hardee, Georgia, Missouri.
8. 8.Benjamin Huger, South Carolina, Commanding at Norfolk.
9. 9.James Longstreet, Alabama, Army of Potomac.
10. 10.John B. Magruder, Virginia, Commanding at Yorktown.
11. 11.Thomas J. Jackson, Virginia, Commanding Northwestern Virginia.
12. 12.Mansfield Lovell, Virginia, Commanding Coast of Louisiana.
13. 13.Edmund Kirby Smith, Florida Army of Potomac.
14. 14.George B. Crittenden, Kentucky, Commanding East Tennessee.

Brigadier-Generals in the Provisional Army.

1. 1.Milledge L. Bonham, South Carolina, Army of Potomac.
2. 2.John B. Floyd, Virginia, Commanding Army Kanawha.
3. 3.Henry A. Wise, Virginia, waiting orders.
4. 4.Ben McCulloch, Texas, Missouri.
5. 5.*Henry R Jackson, Georgia, resigned.
6. 6.*Robert S. Garnett, Virginia, Killed in action.
7. 7.*William H. T. Walker, Georgia, resigned.
8. 8.*Barnard E. Bee, South Carolina, Killed in action.
9. 9.Alexander R. Lywton, Georgia, Commanding Coast of Georgia.
10. 10.*Gideon J. Pillow, Tennessee, Kentucky.
11. 11.Samuel R. Anderson, Tennessee, Kentucky.
12. 12.Daniel S. Donelson, Tennessee, Coast of South Carolina.
13. 13.David R. JonesSouth Carolina, Army of Potomac.
14. 14.Jones M. WithersAlabama, Commanding Coast of Alabama.
15. 15.John C. Pemberton, Virginia, Coast of South Carolina.
16. 16.Richard S. Ewell, Virginia, Army of Potomac.
17. 17.John H Winder, Maryland, Richmond.
18. 18.Jubsl A. Early, Virginia, Army of Potomac.
19. 19.Thomas B. Flournoy, Arkansas, died in Arkansas.
20. 20.Samuel Jones, Virginia, Army of Potomac.
21. 21.Arnold Elzey, Maryland, Army of Potomac.
22. 22.Daniel H. Hill, North Carolina, Army of Potomac.
23. 23.Henry H. Sibley, Louisiana, Texas Frontier.
24. 24.William H. C. Whiting, Georgia, Army of Potomac.
25. 25.William W. Loring, North Carolina, Western Virginia.
26. 26.Richard H. Anderson, South Carolina, Pensacola.
27. 27.Albert Pike, Arkansas, Indian Commissioner.
28. 28.*Thomas T. Fauntleroy, Virginia, resigned.
29. 29.Robert Toombs, Georgia, Army of Potomac.
30. 30.Daniel Ruggles, Virginia, Louisiana.
31. 31.Charles Clark, Mississippi, Army of Potomac.
32. 32.Roswell S. Ripley, South Carolina, Coast of South Carolina.
33. 33.Isaac R. Trimble, Maryland, Army of Potomac.
34. 34.*John B. Grayson, Kentucky, died in Florida.
35. 35.Paul O. Hebert, Louisiana, Coast of Texas.
36. 36.Richard C. Gatlin, North Carolina, Commanding Coast of North Carolina.
37. 37.Felix K. Zollicoffer, Tennessee, Eastern Kentucky.
38. 38.Benjamin F. Cheatham, Tennessee, Kentucky.
39. 39.Joseph R. Anderson, Virginia, Coast North Carolina.
40. 40.Simon B. Buckner, Kentucky, Kentucky.
41. 41.Leroy Pope Walker, Alabama, Alabama.
42. 42.Albert G. Blanchard, Louisiana, Norfolk.
43. 43.Gabriel J. Rains, North Carolina, Yorktown.
44. 44.J. E. B. Stuart, Virginia, Army of Potomac.
45. 45.Lafayette McLaws, Georgia, Yorktown.
46. 46.Thos. F. Drayton, South Carolina, Coast of South Carolina.
47. 47.Thomas C. Hindman, Arkansas, Kentucky.
48. 48.Adley H. Gladden, Louisiana, Pensacola.
49. 49.John Porter McCown, Tennessee, Kentucky.
50. 50.Lioyd Tilghman, Kentucky, Kentucky.
51. 51.Nathan G. Evans, South Carolina, Coast of South Carolina.
52. 52.Cadmus M. Wilcox, Tennessee, Army of Potomac.
53. 53.*Philip St. Geo. Cocke, Virginia, died in Virginia.
54. 54.R. E. Rodes, Alabama, Army of Potomac.
55. 55.Richard Taylor, Louisiana, Army of Potomac.
56. 56.Louis T. Wigfall, Texas, Army of Potomac.
57. 57.James H. Trapier, South Carolina, Coast of Florida.
58. 58.Samuel G. French, Mississippi, Army of Potomac.
59. 59.William H. Carroll, Tennessee, East Tennessee.
60. 60.Hugh W. Mercer, Georgia,--.
61. 61.Humphrey Marshall, Kentucky, Kentucky.
62. 62.John C. Breckinridge, Kentucky, Kentucky.
63. 63.Richard Griffith, Mississippi, Army of Potomac.
64. 64.Alexander P. Stewart, Kentucky, Kentucky.
65. 65.William Montgomery Gardner, Georgia, on furlough.
66. 66.Richard B. Garnett, Virginia, Army of Potomac.
67. 67.William Mahone, Virginia, Norfolk.
68. 68.L. O'Brian Branch, North Carolina, Coast of North Carolina.
69. 69.Maxey Gregg, South Carolina, Coast of South Carolina.

Those having a *affixed are dead, or have resigned since the commencement of the war.

The West Point Generals.

The following Confederate Generals are graduates of West Point — the date of their graduation being prefixed:

• Class of 1815--Samuel Cooper.
• Class of 1820--John H. Winder.
• Class of 1821--Isaac R. Tremble.
• Class of 1825--Daniel S, Donelson, Benjamin Huger.
• Class of 1826--Albert S. Johnston, John B. Grayson.
• Class of 1827--Leonidas Polk, Gabriel J, Rains.
• Class of 1828--Thomas F, Drayton, Hugh W. Mercer.
• Class of 1829--Joseph E. Johnston, Robt. E, Lee, Theopholia H. Holmes, Albert G. Blanchard.
• Class of 1830--John B. Magruder.
• Class of 1832--George B. Crittenden, P. St. GeorgeCocke, Humphrey Marshall, Richard C Gatlin.
• Class of 1833--Daniel Ruggles.
• Class of 1835--Jones M. Withers.
• Class of 1836--Joseph R. Anderson, Lloyd Tilghman.
• Class of 1837--Braxton Bragg, Wm. H. T. Walker, John C. Pemberton, Arnold Elzey, Henry H. Sibley, Jubel A. Early.
• Class of 1838--Wm. J. Hardee, James H, Trapier.
• Class of 1839--Alex. R. Lawton, John P. McCown.
• Class of 1840--Richard S. Ewell, Paul O. Habert, Richard B, Garnett.
• Class of 1841--Robert S. Garnett, Samuel Jones.
• Class of 1842--Earl Van Dorn, Gustavus W, Smith, Mansfield Lovell, James Long street, Daniel H, Hill, Richard H. Anderson, Lafayette McLaws, Alex. P. Stewart,
• Class of 1843--Roswell S. Ripley, Samuel G. French.
• Class of 1844--Simon B, Buckner.
• Class of 1845--E Kirby Smith, Bernard E. Bee, Wm. B. C. Whiting.
• Class of 1846--Thomas J. Jackson, Cadmus M. Wilcox, David R. Jones, Wm. M. Gardner.
• Class of 1848--Nathan G. Evans.
• Class of 1854--J. E. B. Stuart.

Generals who were not graduates at West Point.

     The following Generals were appointed to the old United States Army, without passing through the West Point Academy; David E, Twiggs, appointed in 1812; Wm. W. Loring, in 1836; Thos, T. Fauntleroy, in 1836.

     The following Generals first saw, service in the Mexican war; M. L. Bonham, Henry R. Jackson, Gideon J, Pillow, Samuel R. Anderson, Chas. Clark, Thos. C. Hindman, John C. Breckinridge, Benj. F. Cheatham, Richard Griffith, Albert Pike, Adley H. Gladden, Maxcy Gregg.

     The following Generals participated in the Texan wars and the wars with Mexico; Ben McCulloch, Louis, T. Wigfall.

     The following Generals saw no military service previous to the present war; John B. Floyd, Henry A. Wise, Robert Toombs, Richard Taylor, Thos. B. Flournoy, L. Pope Walker, F. K. Zollicoffer, William Mahone, L. O'B Branch, William H. Carroll, R. E. Rodes. Some, however, received military educations at State institutions.

      Virginia has 16 Generals in the Confederate armies, South Carolina 9, Louisiana 8, Georgia 7, Tennessee 8, North Carolina 6, Kentucky 7, Maryland 4, Alabama 4, Mississippi 4, Texas 3, Arkansas 2, Florida 1, Missouri none.

     The following were born at the North, though previous to the present war they were citizens of Southern States: General Cooper, born in New York; Ripley, in Ohio, Pemberton, in Pennsylvania; Whiting, in Massachusetts; Pike, in Massachusetts; Ruggles, in Massachusetts; Blanchard, in Massachusetts; French, in New Jersey.

     The following Confederate Generals are South Carolinians, viz: Huger, Bonham, Bee, (dead,) D. R. Jones, Ripley, R. H. Anderson, Drayton, Evans, Trapier, and Gregg, and the following are natives of South Carolina, though citizens of other States, viz: Longstreet, of Alabama; Lawton, of Georgia; Donelson, of Tennessee; Withers, of Alabama; Hill, of North Carolina; Gladden, of Louisiana; and Wigfall, of Texas.

HISTORY AS IT HAPPENED -- Confederate piety

Stonewall Jackson at Camp Prayer Meeting
(Library of Congress)

[The Richmond Daily Dispatch Jan. 3, 1863]

The piety of the Confederates.

A Baltimore correspondent, writing to the London Index, says:

But before I close I must tell you of the beautiful humility and heroic piety which seemed to pervade the hearts of all the Confederates I saw. I have never seen a strong religious sentiment so generally prevalent as I find it among them. Of twenty men with whom I conversed one afternoon, seventeen were professors of religion, and the eighteenth said he was a man of prayer, and looked to God as his protector. A plain, unlettered Georgia boy said: "In all my intercourse with these Yankees, I have never heard them allude once to what God can do. They talk about what twenty millions of men can do, and what hundreds of millions of money can do, and what their powerful navy can do; but they leave God out of the calculation altogether; but, sir, the Lord is our trust, and He will be our defence." The Rev.--was with me during a part of my tour. He was asked on one occasion to lead in prayer, in a barn filled with wounded, near Sharpsburg. After a season of most solemn and affecting devotion, a young man called the reverend gentleman to his side, and said: "I am dying, sir; but I am not afraid to die, for I hope to go to heaven. Nor am I sorry that I have been slain in battle, for I would willingly sacrifice a dozen lives if I had them for such a cause as we are fighting for."

Time and again I heard the 124th Psalm quoted: "If it had not been the Lord who was on our side, when men rose up against us; then they had swallowed us up quick, when their wrath was kindled against us. Blessed be the Lord, who bath not given us as a prey to their teeth. Our help is in the name of the Lord, who made heaven and earth."

They are not given to vaunting themselves; there is nothing as all of the spirit of bravado about them; and so far from manifesting a ferocious disposition, they very frankly confess they are tired of the war; but at the same time they are animated by a determined resolution that, God helping them, they will never be subjugated. When one of them was asked if he did not fear that the prodigious armies now organizing against them would utterly overwhelm them, he replied that, "with God above, and General Lee at their head, they feared nothing that man could do." History, sir, furnishes no legends more touching and glorious than are exhibited in the sacrifices and endurance of the Southern people. Such a people merit the admiration of the world, and deserve to achieve their independence.

Pardon me for saying so much, but incident after incident arose in my mind, and so clamored for relation that I could not sooner stop.

HISTORY AS IT HAPPENED: The intelligence from the West.

The Richmond Daily Dispatch: Jan. 2, 1863:

    The telegram of General Bragg announces a great victory, after a bloody battle, at Murfreesboro. We should at once give way to the most joyful feelings, were it not for the concluding sentence, which announces that the enemy still he'd out on the extreme left. We confess this acts as somewhat of a damper upon our pleasure, which would otherwise be unmeasured, and we will not give way to our feelings until we hear what has become of the enemy on the extreme left. We recollect but too well the telegram from Corinth announcing a

Gen. Braxton Bragg

splendid victory, and the announcement which followed a few days after. We recollect Shiloh, also, and the second edition of the news from that point. We do not wish to clamp the enthusiasm of our readers. So far as heard from, the victory is a splendid one. Four thousand prisoners and thirty-one guns make if among the most splendid of the war. All we hope is that trouble some "extreme left" may have been gotten out of the way or captured. Then, indeed, our joy would be complete, and we should not only about ourselves but call on the whole Confederate States to about with us.

     Should the signs hold out to the last, and the cup of victory not be dashed from the mouth of General Bragg before he shall have fairly tasted its contents, this will have been one of the most important events of the whole war. It will prove, if we are not mistaken, the turning point in the affairs of the West. The Western people, discouraged by frequent failures, will be reanimated to the point of giving an irresistible impulse to our military proceedings. The winter campaign in that quarter, so largely counted on by the enemy, will have proved a failure even before it shall have begun. The whole South and Southwest will rally, our armies will become concentrated, and under the lead of General Johnston they will be invincible.

     The intelligence from Vicksburg, also, is cheering. We really believe there is very little reason to fear for Vicksburg. It is probably the most defensible city on the continent, except Grand Gulf and Natchez, from a land attack. The country in its rear is broken and rolling, and strong positions, where a small army may set a large one at defiance, sound everywhere. Advantage, we understand, has been taken to the almost of all the local features which it presents. Stupendous fortifications rise in all directions — fortifications which nothing we have yet seen of Yankee valor warrants us to believe that they will attack with success.

[Editor's Note: This article references the battles of Murphressboro, Tenn. and the Battle of Chickasaw Bayou above Vicksburg in Mississippi.]